RF / Microwave PCBs

• Telecommunications
  Used in devices such as antennas, base stations and RF amplifiers to transmit and receive high-frequency signals in wireless communications.
• Consumer Electronics
  Wireless devices such as Bluetooth systems, Wi-Fi routers and Smartphones use RF PCBs for signal transmission.
• Medical Devices
  Imaging systems like MRI scanners rely on RF/microwave PCBs to generate and detect high-frequency signals. The PCB typically has to operate at 123 MHz for proton imaging.
• Radar Systems
  Required for radar applications in automotive systems that require a high-performance PCB for a 77 GHz radar sensor system used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). For military applications RF PCBs help in detecting and tracking objects over long distances, contributing to the precision and effectiveness of the defence systems. In aerospace these PCBs facilitate long-range communications between satellites and ground stations or aircraft for navigation, monitoring, and data transmission.
• Satellite Communications
  High-frequency circuits are used for signal processing in satellite systems, including ground stations and earth orbiting equipment that need Ku-band frequencies (12-18 GHz) with minimal signal loss.

PCBs for RF and microwave are made with specialised low-loss dielectric materials like Rogers, PTFE (Teflon), and Ceramics.

Materials with a low and stable Dielectric Constant are crucial for maintaining signal integrity at high frequencies. A Low Loss Tangent is also needed. This refers to the material's ability to minimise power loss to ensure minimal signal attenuation. PTFE is known for its excellent low loss tangent and is often used in microwave frequencies above 5 GHz. It provides high chemical resistance and temperature stability. Ceramic substrates other very low signal loss, excellent CTE and thermal stability. We stock products from manufacturers such as Rogers, Arlon, Neclo, Taconic, Ventec and Isola.

Ensuring signal quality is essential. This requires precise impedance control, reducing parasitic capacitance, and optimizing trace widths and spacing.

Stackup: In materials other than ceramics, multi-layer PCBs are commonly used to minimise interference and isolate high-frequency signals from surrounding circuits. Ground planes are often included to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI).

Thermal Management: RF and microwave PCBs can generate significant heat. GSPK can offer advice on suitable methods of thermal management of designs.

Manufacturing Precision: At GSPK, we are experts in producing high-frequency RF and microwave PCBs with tight manufacturing tolerances. Our extensive experience ensures we have the necessary precise control over trace width and spacing, maintaining impedance and minimizing signal loss.

Cost: RF and microwave PCBs are typically more expensive due to the specialised materials and precision manufacturing involved.